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Chế tạo chip từ molybdenite: Tiết kiệm điện gấp nhiều lần silicon

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Trường Đại học Bách khoa Liên bang Lozanna (Thuỵ Sĩ) đã chế tạo được chip máy tính từ molybdenite, một loại vật liệu khoáng, vượt trội so với silicon về khả năng khuếch đại tín hiệu đện, cho hiệu suất sử dụng điện cực cao.

Các nhà khoa học thuộc Phòng thí nghiệm LANES (Laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structures) của Trường Đại học Bách khoa Lozanna (Thuỵ Sĩ) đã lần đầu tiên chế tạo được chip máy tính từ vật liệu tự nhiên molybdenite (MoS2). Nó có thể đóng vai trò thay thế cho silicon về mặt tiết kiệm điện năng.

Trong quá trình thử nghiệm, các nhà nghiên cứu chứng tỏ được các chip từ molybdenite có thể nhỏ hơn so với các chip từ silicon và tiêu thụ điện năng thấp hơn đồng thời lại có độ mềm dẻo hơn nhiều.

Cho đến nay, các nhà khoa học vẫn chưa giảm được độ dày của lớp silicon trong vi mạch đến những giá trị nhỏ hơn 2nm vì nguy cơ ô xy hoá bề mặt và sự suy giảm thuộc tính điện học của vật chất. Chiều dày lớp molybdenite có thể chỉ gồm 3 nguyên tử nên cho phép chế tạo các chip có kích thước nhỏ gấp 3 lần.

 

Thậm chí ở những kích thước không đáng kể như vậy, vật liệu vẫn giữ được độ bền và khả năng dẫn điện dễ dàng được kiểm soát, Giám đốc LANES Andras Kis khẳng định.

Molybdenite vượt trội so với silicon về khả năng khuếch đại tín hiệu điện - các tín hiệu đầu ra mạnh gấp 4 lần tín hiệu đầu vào. Suy ra, các transistor làm từ MoS2 có thể khác biệt với hiệu năng tiêu thụ điện cực cao mà điều đó theo Kis đang mở ra những khả năng tiềm tàng cho việc chế tạo các chip phức tạp hơn.

Molybdenite mềm và có thể chế tạo từ chúng những con chip dẻo. Một ngày nào đó, máy tính sẽ được lắp ráp từ nó. Máy tính này có thể cuộn lại thành cuộn hoặc thành các thiết bị đàn hồi mô phỏng hình dạng cơ thể người.

Molybdenite đang được sánh với 
graphene, một loại vật liệu bán dẫn khác đang được xem xét như một vật liệu thay thế duy nhất của silicon. Chiều dày của lớp graphene là một nguyên tử, các nguyên tử sắp xếp theo hình dạng tổ ong.

Trong năm 2011, các nhà khoa học từ IBM đã 
tạo được vi mạch từ graphene. Vi mạch này có thể vận hành ở tốc độ lên đến 10GHz, nghĩa là thực hiện 10 tỷ chu kỳ trong một giây. Trong khi đó, tốc độ tối đa của các chip silicon chỉ là 4GHz.

Các thử nghiệm với graphene mở ra hàng loạt triển vọng ứng dụng mới, trong đó có Internet tốc độ cao thế hệ mới, sản xuất các loại pin sạc nhanh và các mạch in tốc độ phản ứng nhanh và mật độ cao.

Nhóm các nhà khoa học do Kis lãnh đạo đã thiết lập được ưu thế tuyệt đối của molybdenite trước graphene - nó có thể khuếch đại các tín hiệu điện trong điều kiện nhiệt độ phòng trong khi graphene phải được đưa xuống nhiệt độ -2030C (203 độ C dưới 0 - ở nhiệt độ này, nitơ chuyển sang trạng thái lỏng).

Mặc dù molybdenite có nhiều hứa hẹn, theo các nhà khoa học, để có thể có ứng dụng thương mại hóa, chúng ta cần đến 10 - 20 năm. Trong giai đoạn hiện tại, các nhà khoa học ở LANES đang bận nghiên cứu vấn đề có thể nâng cao độ dẫn điện của vật liệu này hay không.

itGate (theo PCW VN/ IDG News Service Nga)

Last modified on Wednesday, 28 December 2011 03:26
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